Contents

innovations()

Usage:

innovations(gamma [,lag:m] [,final:T]), REAL vector gamma, integer m >
  0

Keywords: time domain, preliminary estimation

innovations() computes the "innovation" algorithm given on p. 71 of
Brockwell, and Davis, computing a M by M matrix containing
coefficients and prediction variances.  It actually uses Cholesky
decomposition rather than the algorithm as given in Brockwell and Davis.

innovations(gamma [,lag:M] [,final:T]), returns structure(theta:Theta,
v:V) where Theta is a M by M REAL matrix and V is a vector of length
M+1.  gamma is either a REAL n by n covariance matrix or a REAL vector
of length n containing an autocovariance function (ACVF).  M < n is a
positive integer with default value n - 1.

When gamma is an ACFV, innovations(gamma [,lag:M]) is the same as
innovations(toeplitz(gamma) [,lag:M])

The result is not affected by variables MASIGN if it exists.

Suppose {X[1], X[2], ..., X[M+1]} is a sequence of random variables
with covariance matrix gamma (toeplitz(gamma) in ACVF case).

Then Theta is the M by M matrix with the property that

    Theta[j,j]*Z[j] + Theta[j,j-1]*Z[j-1] + ... + Theta[j,1]*Z[1]

is the best one step predictor of X[j+1] based on prediction
errors Z[1] = X[1], Z[2] = X[2] - Theta[1,1]*X[1], ..., Z[j] =
Theta[j-1,j-1]*Z[j-1]+Theta[j-1,j-2]*Z[j-2]+...+Theta[j-1,1]*Z[1].

Note that Z[j] could be expressed as a linear combination of X[j],
X[j-1], ..., X[1] so that the prediction is also the best prediction of
X[j+1] as a linear combination of X[j], X[j-1], ..., X[1].

V is a length M+1 vector with V[1] = gamma[1,1] = Var[X[1]] and V[j+1]
= prediction error variance when X[j+1] is predicted using X[1], X[2],
..., X[j] (or Z[1], ..., Z[j]).

When final:T is an argument, the result is
   structure(theta:vector(Theta[m,]), v:V[m+1])

See also innovest().