Contents

autocov()

Usage:

autocov(y [, nlags [, nfreq]] [,full:T] [center:T] [,degree:d]), y a REAL
  vector or matrix, nlags > 0 and nfreq > 0 integers, d an integer
  scalar or vector.

Keywords: time domain, autocovariance

c_y <- autocov(y, nlags) computes sample autocovariances acvf(h,y) (y a
REAL vector) or acvf(h,y[,j]) (y a REAL matrix) for lags h = 0, 1, ...,
nlags.

The columns of y, which may have no MISSING elements, are interpreted as
time series defined at equally spaced time points.

For a vector y of length N, the sample autocovariances are defined as
    acvf(h, y) = sum((y[i] - ybar)*(y[i+h] - ybar),i=1,...,N-h)/N
where ybar = sum(y)/N is the sample mean of y.

When ny = ncols(y) = 1, c_y is a vector of length L = nlags + 1 with
c_y[k] = acvf(k-1,y).  When ny > 1, c_y is a L by ny matrix with
c_y[k,j] = acvf(k-1,y[,j]).

autocov(y) is the same as autocov(y, nrows(y) - 1), computing all
non-degenerate sample autocovariances.

You can specify that columns of y be detrended by subtracting a
polynomial in time using keyword phrase 'degree:d', where d is an
integer scalar or vector of length ny = ncols(y).  A scalar d is
interpreted as rep(d,ny).

c_y <- autocov(y [,nlags] degree:d) computes autocovariances of the
residuals from polynomial trends fit by least squares to each column of
y.  The values of the fitted polynomial replace ybar in the definition
of acvf().

d[j] is the degree of the polynomial fit to column j.  When d[j] = 0,
only the sample mean is subtracted (default).  When d[j] < 0, nothing is
subtracted.

You can modify the behavior of autocov() using keyword phrases 'full:T'
(compute acvf for negative lags, with acvf(-h,y) in row 2*nlags+2-h), and
'center:T' (same, but with acvf(0,y) in row nlags+1).  See crosscov() for
details.

Autocovariances are computed using crosscov() which makes use of
discrete Fourier transforms (DFTs) of length goodfactors(N+nlags), the
smallest integer >= N + nlags which has no prime factors > 29.  See
topic 'fourier'.

autocov(y, nlags, M) where M is an integer, does the same, using DFTs of
length M.  It is an error if M < N + nlags or if M has a prime factor >
29.  See topic 'fourier'.

You can use macro tsplot() to plot the computed autocovariances.  Any of
the following might be appropriate to plot the first 50 autocorrelations
of the columns of y.

  Cmd> tsplot(autocov(y, 50), 0) # line plot
  Cmd> tsplot(autocov(y, 50), 0, impulse:T) # impulse plot
  Cmd> tsplot(autocov(y, 50), 0, impulse:T, lines:T) # impulse and lines
  Cmd> tsplot(autocov(y, 50), 0, char:charVec) # plot lines & symbols

See also autocor(), crosscov(), crosscor(), tsplot().