> x <- sample(1:10)
> x
 [1]  7  6  2  1 10  4  9  8  5  3
> x <- runif(10)
> x
 [1] 0.675563246 0.793751488 0.522873648 0.464818236 0.000796533 0.570979090
 [7] 0.207529500 0.964427924 0.784340894 0.896253832
> order(x)
 [1]  5  7  4  3  6  1  9  2 10  8
> x[order(x)]
 [1] 0.000796533 0.207529500 0.464818236 0.522873648 0.570979090 0.675563246
 [7] 0.784340894 0.793751488 0.896253832 0.964427924
> order(x)
 [1]  5  7  4  3  6  1  9  2 10  8
> rank(x)
 [1]  6  8  4  3  1  5  2 10  7  9

x(runif(20), 4, 5)
> x
           [,1]      [,2]      [,3]       [,4]      [,5]
[1,] 0.73557265 0.3947122 0.5651739 0.24265531 0.2735317
[2,] 0.50665113 0.5554681 0.4629307 0.56533170 0.8605197
[3,] 0.02711503 0.4104189 0.2410183 0.09087188 0.1283659
[4,] 0.54371873 0.9006658 0.4643194 0.15817379 0.2985341
> fred <- order(x[ , 1])
> fred
[1] 3 2 4 1
> x[fred, ]
           [,1]      [,2]      [,3]       [,4]      [,5]
[1,] 0.02711503 0.4104189 0.2410183 0.09087188 0.1283659
[2,] 0.50665113 0.5554681 0.4629307 0.56533170 0.8605197
[3,] 0.54371873 0.9006658 0.4643194 0.15817379 0.2985341
[4,] 0.73557265 0.3947122 0.5651739 0.24265531 0.2735317

> logit <- function(x) log(x / (1 - x))
>
> logit <- function(x) {
+     if (! all(0 < x & x < 1))
+         stop("x out of range")
+     return(log(x) - log(1 - x))
+ }
> logit
function(x) {
    if (! all(0 < x & x < 1))
        stop("x out of range")
    return(log(x) - log(1 - x))
}
> logit(runif(6))
[1] -0.0725970 -1.0398455 -1.2060969 -1.0482238  0.6123538 -2.3970485
> logit(rnorm(6))
Error in logit(rnorm(6)) : x out of range

nvlogit <- function(y) return(1 / (1 + exp(-y)))
> invlogit
function(y) return(1 / (1 + exp(-y)))
> invlogit(-1e5)
[1] 0
> invlogit(1e5)
[1] 1
> invlogit(rnorm(10))
 [1] 0.16643767 0.45642178 0.40880002 0.90832263 0.62639185 0.59987019
 [7] 0.43509410 0.15410533 0.32867641 0.08052868
> invlogit <- function(y) 1 / (1 + exp(-y))
> invlogit(rnorm(10))
 [1] 0.4077599 0.8937644 0.6488439 0.3724861 0.6210030 0.6088171 0.5773330
 [8] 0.3089661 0.5055685 0.6996838

> "fred" <- function(x, y) x + 2 * y
> "%fred%" <- function(x, y) x + 2 * y
>
> x <- 1:5
> y <- x * 10
> x %fred% y
[1]  21  42  63  84 105
> x %fred% c(y, 100)
[1]  21  42  63  84 105 201
Warning message:
longer object length
        is not a multiple of shorter object length in: x + 2 * y